英语课程第四册王室谍报活动听力讲解
Lesson 9 Royal espionage 王室谍报活动
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What important thing did King Alfred learn when he penetrated the Danish camp of Guthrum?
Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went. He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighbouring regions. There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
Alfred stayed in the camp a week before he returned to Athelney. The force there assembled was trivial compared with the Danish horde. But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
So, faced with the Danish advance, Alfred did not risk open battle but harried the enemy. He was constantly on the move, drawing the Danes after him. His patrols halted the raiding parties: hunger assailed the Danish army. Now Alfred began a long series of skirmishes -- and within a month the Danes had surrendered. The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
【参考译文】
阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麦军队的营地里侦察。当时，浪迹天涯的吟游歌手到处受欢迎，他们不是作战人员，竖琴就是他们的通行证。阿尔弗德年轻时学过许多民歌，并能穿插演一些杂技和小魔术使自己的节目多样化。
阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，他亲自潜入丹麦入侵司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。丹麦军已在切本哈姆扎下营准备过冬，阿尔弗雷便来到此地。他马上发现丹麦军纪律松弛，他们以征服者自居，安全措施马马虎虎。他们靠掠夺附近的地区的财物过着舒适的生活。他们不仅搜刮吃的喝的，而且抢掠妇女，安逸的生活已使丹麦军队变得软弱无力。
阿尔弗雷德在敌营呆了一个星期后，回到了阿塞尔纳。他集结在那里的军队和丹麦大军相比是微不足道的，然而，阿尔弗雷德断定，丹麦人已不再适应持久的战争，他们的军需供应处于无组织状态，只是靠临时抢夺来维持。
因此，面对丹麦人的进攻，阿尔弗雷德没有贸然同敌人作战，而是采用骚扰敌人的战术。他的部队不停地移动，牵着敌人的鼻子，让他们跟着跑。他派出巡逻队阻止敌人抢劫，因而饥饿威胁着丹麦军队。这时，阿尔弗雷德发起一连串小规模的进攻，结果不出一个月，丹麦人就投降了。这一幕历史可以说是王室谍报活动中最精彩的篇章。
1.espionage n.间谍活动
2.Alfred公元871-899 年间任英国国王
3.Danish adj. 丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦语的
4.minstrel n.中世纪的吟游歌手
5.wandering adj.漫游的
6.harp n.坚琴
7.ballad n.民歌
8.acrobatic adj.杂技的
9.conjuring n.魔术
10.Athelney n.阿塞尔纳（英国一个小岛）
11.Chippenham n.切本哈姆（英国一个城市）
12.thither adv.向那里
13.Dane n.丹麦人
14.slack adj.涣散的
15.conqueror n.征服者
16.casual adj.马虎的，随便的
17.precaution n.预防，警惕
18.proceeds n.所得
19.assemble v.集合
20.trivial adj.微不足道的
21.prolonged adj.持久的
22.commissariat n.军粮供应
23.episode n.一个事件，片断
24.epic n.史诗
25.harry v.骚扰
26.assail v.袭击
27.skirmish n.小规模战斗
1.Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
参考翻译：阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麦军队的营地里侦察。
讲解：disguised as伪装成……例如：
The butterfly disguised itself as a piece of leaf,so I didn't find it.
那只蝴蝶伪装成树叶，所以我没有找到。
visiting是现在分词作伴随状语。
2.They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport.
参考翻译：他们不是作战人员，竖琴就是他们的通行证。
讲解：passport通行证，这个词有比较形象，是隐喻的.手法。
3.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
参考翻译：阿尔弗德年轻时学过许多民歌，并能穿插演一些杂技和小魔术使自己的节目多样化。
讲解：in his youth在他年轻时。a man in his twenties一名二十多岁的男子。
4.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
参考翻译：阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，他亲自潜入丹麦入侵司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。
讲解：set out to打算，着手
John set out that day to hunt for work.
约翰那天外出找工作。
She set out to break the world land speed record.
她决心要打破陆上速度的世界纪录。
5.There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.
参考翻译：丹麦军已在切本哈姆扎下营准备过冬，阿尔弗雷便来到此地。
讲解：settle down定居,平静下来,专心于
He settled down to marking the examination papers.
他定下心来批阅试卷。
He's just a drifter he can't settle down anywhere.
他不过是个流浪汉--哪儿也呆不住。
6.There they collected women as well as food and drink, and a life of ease had made them soft.
参考翻译：他们不仅搜刮吃的喝的，而且抢掠妇女，安逸的生活已使丹麦军队变得软弱无力。
讲解：as well as也，还。具体用法见语法部分。
7.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle: and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
参考翻译：然而，阿尔弗雷德断定，丹麦人已不再适应持久的战争，他们的军需供应处于无组织状态，只是靠临时抢夺来维持。
讲解：no longer no more
(1) 用作副词表示时间上的“不再”，可用no longer, not…any longer, not…any more：
He knows that he is no longer young. 他知道自己不再年轻。
She could no longer go to school. 她不再能上学了。
This is no longer a distant dream. 这已不再是遥远的梦。
I can’t wait any longer. 我不能再等了。
I am not concerned with that matter any longer. 我不再和这事有关。
You won’t ever see her any more. 你不会再见到她。
I just can’t stand this life any more. 我简直受不了这种生活。
We won’t have any more discussion about it. 我们将不再作更多讨论了。
We don’t live here any more [longer]. / We no longer live here. 我们不住在这里了。
He once knew her, but they are no longer friends. 他过去认识她，但现在不再是朋友了。
no longer 通常位于句中的实意动词之前，动词be、助动词和情态动词之后，有时也可位于句末或句首(用于句首时，其后用倒装语序)：
He no longer loves her. / He loves her no longer. / No longer does he love her. 他再也不爱她了。
【注】原来no more 也可表示时间上的“不再”(但要与非延续性动词连用，且位于句末)，但在现代英语中，no more 一般不这样用。
(2) 以下各例中的more 和longer 分别为much 和long的比较级，此时两者不可混淆：
There is no more bread. 没有面包了。
The boy doesn’t want any more. 这孩子不想再要了。
This rope is no longer than that one. 这根绳子与那根绳子一样不长。
1.Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel.
阿尔弗雷德大帝曾亲自充当间谍。他扮作吟游歌手到丹麦军队的营地里侦察。
2.Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring.
阿尔弗德年轻时学过许多民歌，并能穿插演一些杂技和小魔术使自己的节目多样化。
3.While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.
阿尔弗雷德人数不多的军队开始在阿塞尔纳慢慢集结时，他亲自潜入丹麦入侵司令官古瑟罗姆的营地。
4.He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual.
他马上发现丹麦军纪律松弛，他们以征服者自居，安全措施马马虎虎。
5.But Alfred had deduced that the Danes were no longer fit for prolonged battle:and that their commissariat had no organization, but depended on irregular raids.
然而，阿尔弗雷德断定，丹麦人已不再适应持久的战争，他们的军需供应处于无组织状态，只是靠临时抢夺来维持。
6.The episode could reasonably serve as a unique epic of royal espionage!
这一幕历史可以说是王室谍报活动中最精彩的篇章。
as well as用法
一、用作连词
al well as可以用来连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。此时，as well as连接的虽然是两个并列成分，但强调的重点在前面，不在后面，意思为“不但……而且……”、“既……又……”、“除了……之外，还有……”翻译时要先译后面，再译前面。例如：
1. Living things need air and light as well as water. 生物不仅需要水，还需要空气和阳光。（连接名词）
2. She helped Tom as well as I. = She and I helped Tom. 我帮了汤姆的忙，她也帮了汤姆的忙。（连接主格代词）
3. She helped Tom as well as me. = She helped Tom and me. 她帮了我的忙，也帮了汤姆的忙。（连接宾格代词）
4. She continued her own work as well as hepled me. 她除了帮助我，还继续自己的工作。（连接动词）
5. He finds the mass of materials before, as well as after exeperiments. 他不但在实验后，还在实验前求出材料的质量。（连接介词短语）
6. The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。（连接形容词）
二、用作介词
此时，as well as相当于besides，in addition to，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动词，尤其是位于句首时。
As well as / Besides / In addition to eating five course meals, they drank seven bottles of wine. 除了五道菜外，他们还喝了七瓶酒。
三、well用于as……as的结构中
这种as well as结构表示比较，引起一个比较状语从句。例如：
He can operate the machine as well as I do. 他操纵这台机器和我一样熟练。
